Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a condition where the muscles in the back of the throat relax while sleeping. 

This makes it harder for air to move in and out of their windpipe. It can cause short pauses in breathing while they sleep. 

Children with OSA might stop breathing for a short time. You may hear them snort, gasp, or grunt as they start breathing again. These pauses can happen many times a night and often make sleep restless. 

Did you know?

  • Around 1 to 3% of children have OSA
  • OSA can affect your child’s learning, focus, behaviour, and health
  • Around 20% of children snore- but not all children who snore have OSA 

What increases the risk of OSA? 

Children are more likely to develop OSA if they: 

  • have large Tonsils or Adenoids (soft tissue at the back of the throat)
  • have a family history
  • are above a healthy weight
  • have mouth or jaw differences 

  

Signs and symptoms to look for 

You might notice your child: 

  • snores often
  • pauses their breathing or gasps for air while sleeping
  • sleeps restlessly
  • feels tired during the day 

If you’re worried about your child’s breathing at night, talk to your child and family health nurse or doctor. 

Surgery

If your child has large Tonsils or Adenoids, a doctor might recommend surgery to remove them. This is a common procedure, and most children breathe and sleep much better after they recover. 

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) therapy uses a small machine to pump air through a mask your child wears while they sleep. This gentle airflow keeps their airway open, helping them breathe more easily. 

See the CPAP therapy factsheet for more information. 

Medication

If OSA is linked to another health condition, your doctor might suggest medicine as part of the treatment plan. 

Behavioural changes

Simple changes can sometimes make a big difference. Encourage your child to sleep on their side instead of their back to help air move more easily. 

If your child is above a healthy weight, your doctor might suggest a plan to support gradual weight changes. Small, steady lifestyle changes can improve breathing and sleep quality over time.