Intoeing (pigeon toes) factsheet
Introduction
Most people walk with their feet pointing straight ahead. Some children’s feet turn inwards when they walk. This is called intoeing or being pigeon-toed.
In most cases, intoeing gets better on its own by around 8 – 10 years old. It does not usually affect physical activity or increase the likelihood of problems like arthritis or back pain later in life.
Signs and symptoms
Children with intoeing walk with their feet pointing inwards. They may trip more often than other children when they are young, but this usually improves as they grow.
Diagnosis
A doctor can diagnose intoeing by looking at how your child’s legs and feet are positioned.
If you are concerned, take photos or videos of your child walking every six months to track any changes.
See your local doctor if the intoeing gets worse or affects your child’s movement or activity.
Treatment
Most of the time, no treatment is needed. Intoeing usually improves as your child grows and their bones develop into the correct position.
Trying to change the way your child walks or sits will not help with intoeing and can cause stress and anxiety.
Your doctor can discuss with you what may be causing the intoeing and whether any treatment is needed.
Management
Common causes of intoeing
There are three common causes of intoeing:
- Tibial torsion - The shinbone, or tibia, becomes twisted. This is often caused by your baby’s position during pregnancy. The bone straightens out as your child grows, until the twist is gone around school age.
- Femoral anteversion – The thigh bone, or femur, twists inwards. This usually improves slowly, by the age of 9-10 years old. Some children may still have mild intoeing as adults.
- Metatarsus adductus – The front of the foot curves inwards. Most cases improve without treatment. Children with severe cases may need a brace or special shoes to help their feet develop in early childhood.
