Lamotrigine and Valproate combination
There is a significant synergistic drug interaction with valproate (valproate is an enzyme inhibitor, lamotrigine clearance is reduced and thus lamotrigine levels are higher).
This can increase risk of a serious rash significantly (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis).
Lower doses of lamotrigine and slow escalation are required.
Important: Dosing information
Initiation and escalation dosing on this webpage are a guide only.
All medications must be individualised based on:
- patient age, weight, co-morbidities
- disease, seizure type, frequency, duration
- medication metabolism, interactions, side-effect profile characteristics.
Dosing
A reasonable dosage regime for 2-12 year-olds is the commencement of lamotrigine 0.15mg/kg/second-daily (for a week), then 0.15mg/kg/daily (for 2 weeks).
One can continue with an escalation of 0.15mg/kg/day each two weeks to the target dose. If the patient is tolerating the combination therapy, the lamotrigine titration dosage could be increased with careful monitoring (particularly looking for rash - see precautions) to 0.3mg/kg/day during the latter part of the escalation phase.
The maintenance dose is 1-4mg/kg/day.
Maximum dose is 5mg/kg/day given as a single dose or two equally divided doses. The maximum dose of lamotrigine with valproate in this age group is generally not above 200mg/day. Dosages per kilogram can only be used up to weights of 30-40kgs.
- Adding lamotrigine to valproate does not appear to affect valproate levels.
- On lamotrigine, a recommended maximum dose of valproate is approximately 30mg/kg.
- All anti-seizure medications are potentially teratogenic and this is often dose related.
- For a complete list of adverse effects, appropriate formularies should be consulted.
Interactions and precautions
Oral contraceptives and the other anti-seizure medications that induce hepatic glucuronidation will also decrease the level of lamotrigine.
There is a significant synergistic drug interaction with valproate (valproate is an enzyme inhibitor, lamotrigine clearance is reduced and thus lamotrigine levels are higher).
This can increase risk of a serious rash significantly (Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis). Lower doses of lamotrigine and slow escalation are required.
This information is reviewed annually by the Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network Paediatric Epilepsy NSW working group which includes medical, nursing, and pharmacy representation.